Geometrically exact static isogeometric analysis of an arbitrarily curved spatial Bernoulli–Euler beam

The objective of this research is the development a geometrically exact model for analysis arbitrarily curved spatial Bernoulli–Euler beams. complete metric beam utilized in order to include effect curviness on nonlinear distribution axial strain over cross section. constitutive relation between energetically conjugated pairs employed, along with four reduced relations. isogeometric approach, which allows smooth connections finite elements, used discretization weak form. Two methods updating local vector basis are applied and discussed context rotations. All requirements theory satisfied, such as objectivity path-independence. accuracy formulation verified by thorough numerical analysis. influence structural response scrutinized two classic examples. If structure sought, must be considered when choosing appropriate model.